民用飞机气动布局发展演变及其技术影响因素

Evolution and technical factors influencing civil aircraft aerodynamic configuration

在民用飞机气动布局发展演变的历程中,技术因素是根本推动力。为了研究未来民机的发展方向、技术需求以及应对策略,在回顾民机气动布局发展历程的基础上,梳理了在现代民机气动布局形成与演变过程中有着重要影响的4大类技术因素:航空发动机、气动设计、结构设计、飞行控制,并且揭示了这些技术因素在民机发展及其气动布局演变中所发挥的作用。结合未来航空运输市场出现的新需求,分析了未来民机的主要发展方向,重点分析了未来非常规布局民机可能采用的翼身融合、双气泡机身、支撑翼以及联结翼等气动布局形式。最后探讨了新技术条件下民用飞机发展在技术方面的需求和挑战,以及未来民用飞机总体设计的技术策略,明确了多学科设计优化是满足未来民机总体设计需求的有效技术途径。

Technology is a basic impetus on the development and evolution of the civil aircraft aerodynamic configuration. In order to study the development directions, technical requirements and strategies for the future civil aircraft, this paper re- views the development of civil aircraft aerodynamic configuration and then summarizes four technical factors, i. e., aero- engine, aerodynamic design, structural design and flight control, which have important influence on the formation and evolu- tion of the modern civil aircraft aerodynamic configuration. The role of these technical factors in the development of the civil aircraft aerodynamic configuration has also been revealed. Considering the new requirements for the future air transporta- tion, this paper points out the main developing directions of the future civil aircraft, and emphatically analyzes the aerody- namic configurations such as blended wing-body, double bubble body, braced-wing and joined-wing, which might be used in the future unconventional civil aircraft. Furthermore, the challenge in technology development, as well as the technology strategies for the future civil aircraft conceptual design, has been discussed. Finally, the paper clarifies that the multidisci- plinary design optimization is an effective method for the future civil aircraft conceptual design.