通用飞机结冰适航验证关键技术及工程应用

Key airworthiness validation technologies for icing of general aviation aircraft and their engineering application

民用飞机为获得在结冰环境中的运营许可,必须按照适航当局发布的有关结冰适航条款进行结冰适航验证。与大型运输类飞机相比,通用飞机自身的特点决定了其面临更加严重的结冰问题和更加苛刻的结冰适航验证要求。主要以美国FAA发布的相关结冰适航文件为基础,结合国际上最新的飞机结冰研究成果,并以某通用飞机结冰适航验证的实际工程过程为例,论述通用飞机结冰适航验证中的一些关键技术现状、要求及发展趋势。通过论述可知,当前通用飞机的结冰适航验证需要采用多种适航验证技术的有机组合才能完成,结冰问题已经成为飞机总体气动设计中不可分割的组成部分。

Civil aircraft must conduct icing airworthiness validation according to relevant icing requirements published by air- worthiness authority in order to obtain operation permit in icing environment, The features of general aviation aircraft result in the fact that general aviation aircraft face more severe icing problems and more strict icing airworthiness certification re- quirements when compared to large transport category aircraft. This paper researches relevant icing airworthiness docu- ments published by FAA and recent international achievements on icing problems, and then discusses some key icing airwor- thiness validation technologies for general aviation aircraft, their state of art and development trends, based on an engineer- ing application of icing airworthiness validation for a general aviation aircraft. This paper shows that a deliberate combination of several icing airworthiness validation technologies is necessary for general aviation aircraft＇s icing airworthiness certifica- tion program and the issues of icing has become a part of aircraft＇s aerodynamic layout technology.