郴州市城区中小学学生视力低下影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors of hypopsia in primary and middle school students in urban area of Chenzhou

目的:通过对郴州市城区中小学生视力状况及其影响因素的调查,为开展视力保护工作提供科学依据。方法:采用多级整群抽样的方法,抽取11 286名学生进行视力检查和问卷调查,分别用卡方检验及logistic回归对视力低下单因素和多因素进行分析。结果:郴州市城区中小学生视力低下率为47.50%;小学视力低下率为34.01%;初中视力低下率为62.10%;视力低下的主要问题是近视(70.01%);小学生近视率22.57%,初中生近视率48.84%。影响视力低下的主要危险因素有:年龄、年级、父母有近视、课外作业时间长,经常连续阅读1h以上、看视频时间长、肥胖。保护因素有:课间在教室外活动及户外活动。结论:青少年视力低下是遗传和环境因素作用的结果,应及早预防,养成良好的视觉行为习惯将有助于保护青少年视力。

AIM：To investigate the visual status and risk factors of elementary and middle school students in urban area of Chenzhou in order to provide evidence for vision protection.METHODS：Visual acuity was examined in 11 286 students that were selected by multistage sampling.Influencing factors were investigated by questionnaire.Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the associations.RESULTS：In the elementary and middle school students,the hypopsia rate was 47.50%in Chenzhou;hypopsia rate in the elementary school was 34.01%,the rate in junior school was 62.10%;the main type of hypopsia was myopia（70.01%）;myopia rate in pupils was 22.57%,myopia rate in junior middle school students was 48.84%.The main risk factors for myopia were：age,grade,parents with myopia,long homework time,reading more than 1h continuously,long time watching videos and obesity.Protective factors were：recessing out of classrooms and outdoor activities.CONCLUSION：Hypopsia in youth is the result of genetic and environmental factors.Early protections,forming good visual habits will help protect children＇s vision.