基于行为安全理论的化工事故统计及分析

Statistics and analysis on chemical accidents based on behavior-based safety theory

行为安全理论是事故分析和预防的理论和方法,应用基于行为安全理论的事故致因"2-4"模型对10起化工事故的直接、间接、根本、根源原因进行分析。结果表明:该模型是化工事故分析的有效方法。10起事故的直接原因主要为一线员工在涉及高温加热工艺、带压设备、有毒有害环境和动火作业中的违规违章操作,管理人员未建立或运行安全管理体系等不安全动作及不安全物态,且不安全物态与管理人员不安全行为有关;间接原因是一线员工缺乏岗位安全操作等知识,管理人员缺乏安全管理、技术等知识,导致其安全意识薄弱,养成不良的安全习惯;根本原因是组织安全教育等管理程序缺失和执行不力;根源原因是组织成员对安全的重要度等安全文化元素缺乏理解。

Behavior- based safety theory is the theory and method for accident analysis and prevention. By applying the accident causation ＂ 2- 4＂ model based on behavior- based safety theory,the direct,indirect,radical and root causations of 10 chemical accidents were analyzed. The results showed that the model can be an effective method for analysis of chemical accidents. The direct causations of these accidents are unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. Unsafe acts are mainly presented as violating operation regulation by first line operators,which involves in heating processes,pressure instruments,deleterious environments and hot work,and ignoring the safety management system by managers. Additionally,unsafe conditions are related to unsafe acts of managers. The indirect causations are the limited operation and safety management knowledge of first line operators and managers respectively,which leads to the lack of safety consciousness and bad safety habits. The radical causations are the lack of or weak enforcement of various management procedures,such as occupational training procedure. The root causation is members＇ incomprehension of safety culture items,like the importance degree of safety.