聚维酮碘的特性与临床应用

Properties and clinical applications of povidone iodine

目的分析研究聚维酮碘（PVP-I）的理化性质、水溶液稳定性特点及其在临床上的应用效果,为降低患者手术后切口感染率提供理论依据。方法热加速试验法分析不同状态PVP-I水溶液的稳定性,并通过定量杀菌试验证实PVP-I杀菌的有效性。结果通过悬液定量杀菌试验证实,0.1~1.0g/L有效碘含量的PVP-I溶液能在1min内杀灭99.9%以上致病性酵母菌、99.9%以上的肠道致病菌和酿脓链球菌,但10g/L有效碘含量的PVP-I溶液则需要延长作用时间;由于稀PVP-I溶液有效碘含量低,在杀菌过程中被脓性物质、分泌物、血清等有机物消耗,因此必须保证足够的含量或延长作用时间,高浓度、低pH的溶液,在对碘封闭性好的容器中存放,PVP-I溶液表现出更好的稳定性。结论 PVP-I水溶液实际为一个动态平衡体系,体系中任一组分浓度的变化均导致平衡发生移动,稳定性发生变化,由于PVP-I水溶液性质温和,杀菌性能快速有效,均在临床上具有广泛的应用。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the physical and chemical properties of povidone iodine（PVP-I）,the stability of its aqueous solution and its application in clinic,so as to provide theoretical reference for reducing postoperative incision infection rate.METHODS Thermal accelerating test was used to analyze the stability of PVP-I aqueous solution and the quantitative germicidal test was used to verify the efficacy of PVP-I for sterilization.RESULTS The quantitative suspension germicidal test proved that the PVP-I aqueous solution containing 0.1-1.0g/L effective iodine content could kill over 99.9% pathogenic yeasts,over 99.9%intestinal pathogens and Streptococcus pyogenes within 1min,however,the initial effect time of the solution containing 10g/L effective iodine content prolonged.Because the dilute PVP-I solution contained low content of effective iodine which would be consumed by organics such as pus,secretions and serum,it was necessary to ensure sufficient content or prolong the effective time.As a high-concentrated solution of low pH,the PVP-I solution showed better stability when stored in containers of high closure for iodine.CONCLUSION The aqueous solution of PVP-I is a dynamic balance system.Changes in concentration of any component lead to shift of equilibrium,causing change of stability.With mild properties,rapid and effective sterilization performance,the PVP-I aqueous solution has extensive application in clinic.