那些遗失了的远古文献

Those Lost in the Ancient Literature

甲骨文是形成于商代的成熟文字,在甲骨文之前,应该还存在远古文献,这在古代的典籍中是有大量记载的。例如《尚书》中的《虞夏书》,《左传》和《国语》等先秦典籍中记载的《夏书》《夏训》《夏礼》《夏时》《夏令》及《三坟》《五典》《八索》《九丘》等,就是夏代甚至比夏代更早的远古文献。遗憾的是,春秋战国时期对远古文献缺乏保存意识,所以许多远古文献在此时期都遗失了。

Oracle is a kind of mature text which is formed in the Shang Dynasty and before the Oracle, there should also exist the ancient literature, which is well-documented in ancient books. For example,Yu and Xia in Shangshu,Xiashu,Xiaxun,Xiali, Xiashi,Xialing and Sanfen,Wudian,Basuo,Jiuqiu and so on, recorded in the pre Qin classics such as Zuozhuan and Guoyu belong to the ancient literature of the Xia Dynasty, even earlier than Xia. Unfortunately, during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, due to the lack of awareness of preserving the ancient literature, so much ancient literature in this period was lost.