转基因作物对农业生物多样性的压力与转基因作物选育

Stress of Transgenic Crops on Agricultural Biological Diversity and Breeding of New Varieties of Transgenic Crops

综述了近年来转基因作物对作物多样性和农业生态系统多样性影响的研究,其中农业生态系统的多样性包括转基因作物对微生物和土壤生物群落的影响;转基因抗除草剂作物对杂草群落的影响;转基因抗虫作物对非靶标生物的影响;种植转基因作物后,除草剂和抗虫剂的使用等。基于上述情况分析,得到结论:转基因作物能够继续减少对生物多样性的压力;推进转基因植物新品种选育同时,应把负面因素降到最低。

The potential impact of transgenic crops on biodiversity has been a topic of interest both in China and abroad. This paper reviewed the advances the researches that based on the impact of transgenic crops on crop biediversity and agro-biediversity. The agro-biodiversity included following aspects：the major influence on soil communities of micro- and other organisms from transgenic crops ;the effect of herbicide-resistant transgenic crops on the composition of weed communities ;the effect of insect-resistant transgenic crops on target pest and non-target organisms ;and the herbicides and pesticides application effect on transgenic crops. Based on the review,the conclusion may be drown that transgenic crops could continue to decrease the pressure on biodiversity. The negative factors should be reduced to the lowest level of the new variety breeding of transgenic plants.