拉美大学城的政治、建筑及国家身份认同的建构——以墨西哥大学城和委内瑞拉加拉加斯大学城为例

Politics,Architecture,and the Construction of National Identities in Latin American University Cities:The Cases of Ciudad de Mexico and Caracas,Venezuela

现代运动来到拉丁美洲之际,恰逢所有新建筑的民族国家正处于确立国家身份认同的文化进程中。这是每个国家依然在不断构筑有关集体想象的时期。对于所有年轻国家而言,对文化进程进行政治控制是各国政府的一个优先选项。在影响国家想象的政治选项中最具份量的工具莫过于国家教育政策。通常在拉丁美洲被统称为"大学城"的各国国立大学新校园正是这些政策象征的领跑者。通过论述墨西哥大学城(1946—1954)和委内瑞拉加拉斯加大学城(1944—1967)这两所作为联合国教科文组织所认定的世界遗产保护地的典型案例,旨在说明受政治-文化政策的影响,不同政府性选择所塑造出的建筑项目,其建筑特色是截然不同的。

The Modem Movement arrived to Latin America when all of its newly created nationstates were conducting cultural processes of defining their own national identities.These were years where the collective imaginaries of the individual countries were still under construction.For all of these young nations,the political control of these progressions was a governmental priority.The most powerful tools available to implement political choices affecting the national imaginary were the state educational policies.More often than not,the new campuses of the respective national universities,always called ＂university cities＂ in Latin America,became symbolic flagships for these policies.Discussion on tne University Cities of Ciudad de Mexico（1946-1954） and Caracas,Venezuela（1944-1967）,which are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage sites,our goal is to explain the distinct governmental choices which are led by political-cultural policies,and shaped their projects with opposite architectural characteristics.