辞赋对话模式的生成与展开

The Generation and Development of Dialogue Modes of Ci Fu

辞赋之对话模式主要表现为三种,即人与神的对话、人与人的对话和人与自然的对话。三种模式次第展开,映射出中国历史文化变迁与士人主体精神消长变化之大势。上古巫术文化向周秦理性文化转化,带来了人与神对话向人与人对话的转向,人的主体精神得到前所未有之开显与发扬。此一动向生动地体现在作为辞赋源头的《庄子》、《楚辞》和《荀子》中。汉以后之大赋、小赋共生共长,同时也构成一种此消彼长的互动关系。大赋以张扬天子权势或国家意志为职志,在人与人的对话中,士人主体精神欲扬反抑;小赋以寄情于物或田园山水的方式,在人与自然的对话中,士人主体精神得以别开生面。

Ci Fu has three mian kinds of dialogue modes： the dialogue between Gods and men, men and men,men and nature. These three kinds are carried out one after another,which reflect the changes of Chinese history,culture and scholar-oriented spirit. The sorcery culture of ancient times was transferred into a rational one in Zhou and Qin dynasty,which brought the change from the dialogue between Gods and men to men and men,so that the unprecedented human-oriented spirit was developed. This trend was exemplified in Chuang-tzu, Chu Ci and Xunzi vividly, which were regarded as the source of Ci Fu. After Han dynasty,Da Fu and Xiao Fu co-existed and co-prospered,rising and falling alternately. Da Fu,which aimed to promote emperors＇ power and the will of the state,actually made the scholar-oriented spirit repressed during the dialogue among human beings. Xiao Fu, which was dedicated to things or landscape,opened the scholar-oriented spirit up to a fresh outlook in the dialogue between men and nature.