暴食症的影响因素及其机制

Precipitants and mechanisms associated with binge eating disorder

暴食症表现为反复发作的暴饮暴食症状,并伴随着强烈的沮丧感,个体在进食时通常感觉失去控制,进食大量食物。暴食行为受到应激、负性情绪、冲动性人格、身体不满意与限制性进食以及父母的喂养方式影响。关于暴食症发生和维持的理论模型主要有情感调节理论、食物成瘾模型、人际关系模型以及完美主义模型。未来要进一步探究影响暴食的因素,完善暴食症的理论模型,运用脑成像等技术深入研究暴食症的认知神经机制并加强对暴食症的干预与治疗研究。

Binge eating disorder（BED） is characterized by recurrent binge-eating episodes and marked distress. These individuals eat unusually large amounts of food during which they experience a subjective loss of control. BED can have negative consequences for physical and psychological well-being. In the present review, key precipitants of BED are discussed including stressors, negative affect, an impulsive personality style, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, interpersonal problems and instrumental feeding from parents. In addition, leading explanations of the disorder are reviewed： the affect regulation model, food addiction model, interpersonal model and perfectionism model. Finally, select future research directions are discussed, particularly in relation to elucidating risk factors, refining theoretical perspectives, and identifying reliable neuro-cognitive mechanisms through neuroimaging methods. Finally, recommendations are discussed for prevention and intervention aimed at reducing suffering and improving quality of life among people with BED.