当事人的投入：概念、测量与影响因素

Client engagement: Concept, measurement and influential factors

当事人的投入是其从心理咨询与治疗中获益的基本前提,它是指当事人为了实现改变的目标,在咨询或治疗过程中主动参与、不懈努力的心理和行为过程。目前对投入的研究主要考察了行为表现,包括出席会谈、会谈中的投入和会谈外的投入三个核心成分,对应有不同的测量方法。与投入有关的因素包括当事人因素、咨询师及互动因素、家庭和社会文化因素、其他客观因素等,其中当事人的认知动机因素对投入有重要影响。未来研究应继续探讨当事人投入的成分、动力性和影响因素,完善其评估方法及增强当事人投入的干预方法,并进一步检验当事人的投入与咨询效果的关系。

Client engagement, considered as a prerequisite for clients to benefit from counseling and psychotherapy, refers to clients＇ mental and behavioral process of engaging in counseling and psychotherapy and making unremitting efforts towards changes. The majority of present studies focusing on client engagement primarily examined behavioral perspectives. Client engagement consists of three core elements： session attendance, intro-session involvement, and inter-session involvement, measured separately through different methods. This paper also summarized several factors related to client engagement, including client characteristics, therapist characteristics, client-therapist interaction, family and social culture, and other objective factors. Among all the factors, client＇s cognition and motivation may exert a great influence on client engagement. Future research should explore the elements, dynamic characters, and influential factors of client engagement, and improve its assessment and intervention. In addition, the relationship between client engagement and counseling outcomes should be examined in the future.