珠江三角洲典型区域农产品中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染分布特征

Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Phthalic Acid Esters in Agricultural Products Around the Pearl River Delta,South China

在珠江三角洲典型区域(中山市、珠海市、东莞市和惠州市)内共采集了131个农产品样品,进行了6种优先控制污染物邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量水平分析及风险评价.结果表明,珠三角地区农产品样品中6种邻苯二甲酸酯累计含量(∑PAEs)范围为nd^79.86 mg·kg^(-1),平均含量为2.84 mg·kg^(-1),检出率为98.5%.各类农产品中∑PAEs平均含量的顺序依次为蔬菜(3.03 mg·kg^(-1))>水稻(2.52 mg·kg^(-1))>水果(1.26 mg·kg^(-1)).各城市产区内农产品中∑PAEs平均含量顺序为:珠海(6.53 mg·kg^(-1))>东莞(2.59 mg·kg^(-1))>惠州(1.53 mg·kg^(-1))>中山(1.12 mg·kg^(-1)).农产品中PAEs的主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DnOP),三者的累计含量占∑PAEs总量的90.8%.其中生菜(珠海)和芥兰(东莞)二者中∑PAEs的总量以及生菜、油麦菜(珠海)样品中DEHP的含量均超过美国和欧洲的建议标准,存在潜在的健康风险.芥兰、生菜等叶菜类蔬菜在14种不同蔬菜样品中的∑PAEs总量较高,而菜心和苋菜的∑PAEs含量最低.蔬菜品种间结构特征和生长环境(大气和土壤)的差异是影响其对PAEs的吸收及在体内累积的主要因素.

In order to investigate and assess the distribution of pathalic acid easters（PAEs） in agricultural products from typical areas of the Pearl River Delta,South China,131 agricultural products were sampled for determination of 6 PAEs priority pollutants classified by the U.S.EPA by GC-FID.The results showed that the total contents of the PAEs（∑ PAEs） in agricultural products samples ranged from nd to 79.86 mg·kg^-1,and the mean value was 2.84 mg·kg^-1,with the detected ratio of 98.5%.The average concentrations of ∑ PAEs in different types of agricultural products were ordered by vegetables（3.03 mg·kg^-1） rice（2.52mg·kg^-1） fruits（1.26 mg·kg^-1）.The mean concentration of PAEs distributed in the four typical cities of the Pearl River Delta,and decreased in the sequence of Zhuhai（6.53 mg·kg^-1） Dongguan（2.59 mg·kg^-1） Huizhou（1.53 mg·kg^-1） Zhongshan（1.12 mg·kg^-1）.Di-n-butyl phthalate（DBP）,di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate（DEHP） and di-n-octyl phthalate（DnOP） contributed more than 90.8%of the total PAEs in samples,and were the main components of PAEs in agricultural products from the Pearl River Delta,with higher percentage contents and detected ratio.Meanwhile,the average concentrations of ∑ PAEs in cabbage mustard,lettuce occurred in Zhuhai and Dongguan cities,followed by lettuce and leaf lettuce in the corresponding DEHP from Zhuhai city,both exceeded the suggested standards in USA and Europe and were of high health risk.There were significant differences among 14 various vegetables in the contents of the 6 PAEs compounds,and the ∑ PAEs contents in cabbage mustard and lettuce as part of leafy vegetables were higher than those in other vegetables,while the lowest were detected in flowering cabbage and edible amaranth.Therefore,the type of vegetables and its growing environment exposed to the atmosphere and soil were the main factors that significantly affected their accumulation of PAEs concentrations.