某院208例药品不良反应报告分析

Analysis of 208 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions in a Hospital

目的:探讨某院药品不良反应(ADR)的发生规律和一般特点,为临床合理用药,减少ADR提供参考。方法:收集某院2013-2014年上报的ADR报告,对发生ADR的患者性别、年龄、药品种类、给药途径、累及器官或系统、临床表现等指标进行分析。结果:共收集ADR报告208例,≥40且<60岁年龄段患者发生ADR最为常见(94例,45.19%);涉及药品种类中以抗感染药物最为常见(154例,74.04%),其中以头孢菌素类药物的ADR报告例数最多(72例),占抗感染药物致ADR例数的46.75%;给药途径以静脉滴注为主(87例,41.83%);累及器官或系统主要为皮肤及其附件(105例,31.44%),临床表现为皮疹、荨麻疹、瘙痒、红肿。结论:为提高医院合理用药水平,避免和减少ADR的发生,应加强对中老年人用药、抗感染药物及静脉给药的监测,加强对患者的健康教育。

Objective： To investigate the characteristics of adverse drug reactions（ADRs） occurred in a hospital and provide a reference for rational drug use and decrease of ADRs. Methods： The ADRs reported in a hospital during 2013- 2014 were collected, in which the age and gender of patients as well as involved drug species, route of administration, involved organs or systems and clinical manifestation were analyzed. Results： A total of 208 cases of ADRs were collected, most of which（94 cases, 45.19%） occurred in the patients at ages of not less than40 years but less than 60 years. Antibacterials were the most commonly used species involved, resulting in 74.04%（ 154 cases） of the total ADRs, in which those caused by cephalosporins accounted for 46.75%（ 72 cases）. A majority（87 cases, 41.83%） of ADRs were caused by intravenous drip. The involved organs or systems were mainly skin and its appendages（105 cases,31.44%）, and the main clinical manifestations were rash, urticaria,pruritus, redness and swelling. Conclusion： Monitoring on elders, the use of antibacterials and intravenous administration, as well as the health education on patients, should be strengthened so as to enhance the rational drug use in hospital and reduce the occurrence of ADRs.