3～5岁听障儿童气质影响因素分析

The Influential Factors for the Temperament of Hearing-impaired Children Aged 3-5

目的考察3～5岁听障儿童气质维度特征及气质类型的主要影响因素，为康复训练提供参考依据。方法选取207名3～5岁听障儿童为被试，采用3～7岁儿童气质问卷施测。结果听障儿童的性别、生理年龄、主要照顾人及其文化程度是3～5岁听障儿童气质维度的主要影响因素，气质类型的主要影响因素为家庭结构，D型（难养型）儿童的气质类型还与主要照顾人文化程度及儿童康复时间有关。结论3～5岁听障儿童的气质特征和类型不仅受儿童自身特征、主要照顾人及家庭一般特征影响，还受儿童康复时间等特异性因素影响。

Objoctlve To explore the influential factors for the dimensions and types of temperament of the 3-5-year- old children with hearing impairment so as to provide references for the rehabilitation training. Methods A total of 207 hearing-impaired children aged 3-5 were investigated with the Parent Temperament Questionnaire（PTQ）.Results The gender and chronically age of children, main caregivers＇ types and their education levels had significant effects on the children＇s temperament dimensions. The family type was the main influential factor for the temperament types. The ,D-type was also influenced by the caregiver＇s educational levels and the rehabilitation duration of hearing-impaired children. Conclusion The temperamental dimensions and types of 3-5-year-old children with hearing impairment are influenced not only by general factors of the children, caregivers and families, but also by special factors such as the rehabilitation duration.