山东省老年人应对方式及其影响因素分析

Coping Style of the Elderly in Shandong Province and Its Influencing Factors

目的：探究老年人在面对困难和挫折时所采取的应对方式,分析影响其应对方式的主要因素,为提高老年人心理健康水平提供对策建议。方法：采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取2013名山东省老年人。应用自行设计的基本情况调查表和简易应对方式量表（SCSQ）,对老年人进行面对面调查。结果：①山东省老年人积极应对得分为（1.63±0.65）分,消极应对得分为（1.31±0.62）分,均显著低于全国常模（t=-10.353,-19.959;P=0.000）;②不同年龄、离退休前职业、文化程度、婚姻状况、月均收入、慢性病严重程度、慢性病种类的老年人积极应对得分差异有统计学意义（χ^2=17.768,P=0.000;F=9.640,P=0.000;χ^2=17.189,P=0.000;t=6.261,P=0.000;F=14.947,P=0.000;χ^2=12.753,P=0.000;χ^2=8.140,P=0.000）;③不同年龄、离退休前职业、文化程度、慢性病严重程度的老年人消极应对得分差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.246,P=0.001;χ^2=3.256,P=0.007;χ^2=7.111,P=0.000;χ^2=3.674,P=0.026）;④多重线性回归显示,文化程度、离退休前职业、慢性病严重程度3个变量进入积极应对回归模型,年龄、慢性病严重程度2个变量进入消极应对回归模型。结论：文化程度、离退休前职业、年龄、慢性病严重程度是影响山东省老年人应对方式的主要因素;提高老年人的文化水平,改善老年人的健康状况和生活质量,可以促进老年人在面对困难和挫折时采取积极的应对方式;此外,社会应关注高龄老年人和离退休公务员的应对方式状况,加强健康教育和心理干预,提高老年人心理健康水平。

Objective：To explore the coping style of elderly encountered difficulties and setbacks and its main influencing factors,and provide suggestions for improving the mental health level of the elderly.Methods：2013 elderly in Shandong Province selected by using multistage stratified random sampling method were investigated on face-toface survey by the self-designed basic situation questionnaire and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire.Results：①The score of positive coping of elderly in Shandong province was（1.63±0.65）,negative coping score was（1.31±0.62）,both factor scores were lower than those of the national norms respectively（t=-10.353,-19.959;P〈0.001）.②There had statistically significant differences of the elderly positive coping scores in age,retired before occupation,cultural degree,marital status,monthly income,severity of chronic disease and the type of chronic disease（χ^2=17.768,P=0.000;F=9.640,P=0.000;χ^2=17.189,P=0.000;t=6.261,P=0.000;F=14.947,P=0.000;χ^2=12.753,P=0.000;χ^2=8.140,P=0.000）.③ There also had statistically significant differences of the elderly negative coping scores in age,retired former occupation,cultural degree,severity of chronic disease（χ^2=7.246,P=0.001;χ^2=3.256,P=0.007;χ^2=7.111,P=0.000;χ^2=3.674,P=0.026）.④Multiple linear regression showed that three variables such as,cultural degree,retired before occupation,severity of chronic disease got into positive coping regression model;At the same time,age,severity of chronic disease got into negative coping regression model.Conclusion：The main influencing factors to coping style of the elderly are cultural degree,retired before occupation,age,severity of chronic disease;To improve old people＇s cultural level,health condition and the quality of life can promote the elderly to take more positive coping style in the face of difficulties and setbacks;In addition,the society should pay more attention to the coping style of oldest elderly and retired civil servants,strengthen the health education and psychological intervention,in order to improve the mental health of the elderly.