中小学领导体制:变迁反思与新路径选择

Leadership System in the Primary and Middle Schools: Reflection on the Evolution and Choice of the New Route

以校长负责制为主的我国中小学领导体制经历了由校务委员会作为审议机构,到党组织发挥政治核心作用,再到加强教职工代表大会的参与性和监督职能的变革过程。通过对我国中小学领导体制的反思,得出体制自身陷入"内卷化"状态、对政策规定的过度信任与依赖及对学校"领导者"认识上的局限这三个因素是阻碍学校领导体制合理化的主要原因。"从领导者到合作领导机制"的变革将是我国中小学领导体制变革的新路径。

The headmaster responsibility system is the main leadership system of the primary and middle schools in China, which has experienced the evolution from the school administration committee as the review organization, to the Par- ty organizations playing a core political role and then to the strengthening of faculty members＇ participation and supervi- sion. Looking at the evolution of leadership system in the primary and middle schools in China,we can see that there are three factors blocking the rationalization of leadership system and they are the system itself in a state of involution, excessive trust in and reliance on the policies, and the limitations of school leaders. Therefore, it will be the new reform of the leader- ship system of primary and middle schools from the leaders to the cooperation leadership mechanism in China.