中国城镇化的环境伦理审视

Chinese Urbanization in the Environmental Ethical Perspective

城镇化不但是一个经济问题,而且是一个伦理问题。如果城镇化的价值立场出了问题,这种方向性错误就可能带来严重后果。在环境伦理中,人类中心主义的缺陷可以理解为某种人类优越感和人类沙文主义。环境伦理对人类中心主义的各种批评,实际上是对长期以来人类社会发展和追求自身福利时价值立场的冷静反思。由于价值错位,中国在城镇化进程中也面临土地资源短缺、空间承载过度以及城市环境污染等挑战。究其原因,是在追求自身发展的过程中,忽视了人类行为对自然环境造成的后果。鉴于市场、国家和社会三大结构性力量在城镇化推进中各自的优势,中国城镇化要从正确的价值立场出发,积极发挥它们在资源配置、调控保护和动员监督方面的作用,科学、合理地推进城镇化。

Urbanization is not merely an economic issue, but an ethical one. If the value standpoint of the urbanization were incorrect, it might result in a big problem. In environmental ethics, defects of anthropocentrism might be interpreted as a sense of human superiority and chauvinism. Actually, the criticism of anthropocentrism is a calm reflection on the development per se and people's pursuit of their own welfare for a long time. Due to value dislocation, China faces the challenges of land resources shortage,space over-carrying and environmental pollution in the urbanization as well. The true reason is the neglect of impacts of human behavior on the natural environment in the process of pursuing their own development. As far as advantages of the market, state and society, China needs to adopt correct value standpoint to actively play their functions in resource allocation, protection and supervision in order to promote the urbanization scientifically and reasonably.