滑坡监测系统在北长山岛山后村山体滑坡监测中的应用

The application of landslide monitoring system in Shanhou Village of the northern Changshan Island in landslide monitoring

为有效地监测海岛山体滑坡,找到滑坡的诱发因素,以达到海岛地区防灾减灾的目的。本文以北长山岛为例,针对采石引起的滑坡,利用GPS、三维激光扫描、无人机遥感、位移传感器4种滑坡监测方法,联合建立了北长山岛山后村山体滑坡监测系统。通过对比分析这4种方法发现,在三维激光扫描点云数据密集的滑坡体中、下部选择三维激光扫描获取的滑坡体形态数据,在点云数据稀疏的滑坡体上部选择无人机遥测获取的滑坡体形态数据,精确获取了不同时期滑坡体的挖方量、滑移量;位移传感器获取的实时位移监测数据可得到滑坡体的实时滑移动态,发现在其监测数据突变时滑坡存在滑动的风险。研究还发现采石和降雨是引起山后村滑坡体滑移的两个最重要因素,采石导致滑坡体体积整体减小,降雨导致滑坡体上部拉张加速并引起碎石滑塌。由于监测区环境条件的限制,该系统只能进行滑坡体的表面变形监测。研究成果可为其他海岛滑坡的监测乃至预警提供借鉴和参考。

In order to monitor the landslide which may occur in island effectively and find the induction factor of landslide to achieve the purpose of monitoring and preventing landslide hazard,we describe the compositions and monitoring projects of landslide monitoring system used in Shanhou Village of the northern Changshan Island.The monitoring system contains 4different methods.By analyzing the 4different methods we find that 3Dlaser scanning data is intensive in the lower part of landslide and UAV remote sensing data is intensive in the upper part of landslide.We should choose the dense data to compute the excavation volume and slippage of landslide in different period accurately.Displacement sensor can get real-time landslide slip data.Research also finds that the quarrying and rainfall are the two most important factors causing Shanhou Village landslide slip,quarrying decreases the whole volume of landslid and rainfall leads to landslide tensile and gravel slump.In the end,because of the limitation of monitoring area,the monitoring system can only monitor the surface deformation of the landslide.Research results can provide references for landslide monitoring and early warning in other islands.