司各特的主体性焦虑与国家身份建构——一个“匿名”的视角

Walter Scott's Subjective Anxiety and the Consciousness of National Identity——A Perspective of Anonymity

匿名创作是文学史上的常见现象,其背后往往隐藏着意识形态、文化权力、个人心理等多重因素,对于作家匿名动机的考察对全面评价作家的艺术成就有着重要的意义。司各特匿名创作小说达13年之久,其作品中流露出了一种"匿而不隐"的矛盾意识。这是哈罗德·布鲁姆所言的"影响的焦虑"之结果,体现了司各特对当时过度张扬的"浪漫主义主体性"所带来的文学创作趋向以及"文学传记批评"这一批评范式的一种无声的反拨与抗拒,同时也体现了他作为苏格兰作家的民族身份焦虑意识。

Anonymous writing is a commonplace in the history of English literature.Lies behinds it are the combined factors of ideology,cultural power,and personal consciousness.It is of great importance to fully evaluate the author＇s merits in literature.Walter Scott remained anonymous for as long as 13 years as a novelist,and his works embody a contradictory sense which is paradoxically hidden.It is the result of＂anxiety of influence＂as quoted from Harold Bloom,and demonstrates a resistance and rebellion against the romantic subjectivity,which is too overwhelming,and the biographical criticism as a literary approach,as well as his anxiety on the national identity as a Scottish writer.