雍乾时期闽粤地区的“正音运动”与“大一统”

Interpretation of“Mandarin Movement”in Fujian and Guangdong from the Perspective of the“Huayi”Concept in Yongzheng and Qianlong Eras

雍正六年,雍正皇帝下令对福建、广东两省的士人进行官话教育。为此闽粤两省开展了旨在"校正乡音"、推广官话的正音运动。在经历了雍正朝的强力推广之后,这场运动在乾隆三十九年结束,历时46年。其兴起与结束,同中央政府的政令和态度密切相关。结合当时的政治背景来看,这场运动不仅仅是一场官话教育运动,更是雍乾时期"华夷观"与"大一统"思想在东南沿海的具体实践。

In the 6th year of the Yongzheng era,the Yongzheng Emperor carried out a campaign aimed for promoting Mandarin in Fujian and Guangdong.Therefore,the campaign,so-called＂Mandarin Movement＂,was carried out in the two provinces.After the strong promotion within Yongzheng＇s reign,this campaign ended in the 39 th year of the Qianlong era;it lasts for 46 years.There existed a strong connection between the rise and the decline of the campaign and the policy and attitudes of the central government.Considering the political background,this campaign is not only the one aimed for promoting Mandarin but also a practice of＂Huayi＂and＂Dayitong＂concepts in the southeast coastal region in China.