日本伎乐“吴公”本事与汉魏乐府

Gigaku Wu Gong's Original Story and Yuefu in the Han-Wei Period in China

日本伎乐又称"吴乐",是古代日本用于佛寺行道仪式的乐曲。一般认为是根源于印度佛教文化,又融合了西域文化的产物。在南北朝隋代从中国经百济传到日本,共存九种。通过对这批曲子中"吴公"的表演内容的考辨,可以看出该曲以东晋吹笛名家桓伊歌《怨诗》以进谏的历史故事为本事,由此观察日本吴乐与汉魏乐府的关系,说明日本伎乐中也包含中华文化的事实。

Gigaku （also called kure-gaku） is a kind of drama-dance performance in Buddhist parade ceremony in ancient Japan. It could be traced back to the Buddhist performance in India and was composed under the cultural influence of Western Regions （西域） in China. During the period of North-South and Sui Dynasties, it was introduced into Japan from China, via Kudara Kingdom （Baekje, 百济国）, and nine plays have been preserved until now. A careful study of the play called Wu Gong （吴公） reveals the fact that it was adapted from the old story about Huan Yi （桓伊）, a famous flute player in the East Jin Dynasty, who admonished the emperor by playing a resentment poem. This is an illustration of the relationship between kuregaku and Yuefu （乐府） in the Han-Wei Period in China, and the impact of Chinese culture on Japanese gigaku.