意境与身体——中国诗学的审美感悟之四

Mind Imagery and Body: the Aesthetic Inspiration of Chinese Poetics( IV)

在中国诗学研究中,意境是最为重要的范畴之一,也是最能体现中华美学特色的范畴。关于意境的构成,一般都理解为心与物或情与景的融合。作为主体方面的心或情,又被视为一种与人的身体不相关的纯粹意识。从旧题王昌龄所撰《诗格》的读解中可以获取意境理论新的内涵。《诗格》不仅提出"物境""情境""意境"的"三境"之说,更重要的是提出了"身在意中""处身于境"的意境论美学命题,将诗人身体作为意境创造的主要维度。这个"身体"并非与心灵分离的肉体,而是灵肉合一的主体。法国著名现象学家梅洛-庞蒂颠覆了笛卡尔的身心二元论,以身体及知觉作为其现象学的核心范畴,并提出"身体意向性"等概念,我们可以联系相关理论方法对意境与身体的关系进行较为全面的建构,从而使意境理论加入新的元素。

Mind imagery （意境） is one of the most significant categories in Chinese poetic studies. It can best embody the categories with Chinese aesthetic characteristics. As for the constitution of mind imagery, which is generally understood as the integration of mind and object or the integration of emotion and scenery. Mind or emotion as an aspect of the subjectivity is regarded as a pure consciousness unrelated to human body. This article obtained a new connotation of mind imagery from reading the book entitled The Style of Poems （《诗格》） by Wang Changling （王昌龄）. In The Style of Poems Wang Changling not only put forward his theories of ＂object imagery＂ （ 物境）, ＂ emotional imagery＂ （ 情境 ） and ＂ mind imagery＂, and what is more, put forward his aesthetic propositions of mind imagery such as ＂Body is embedded in mind＂ （身在意中 ）, and ＂Body is located in imagery＂ （处身于境） , taking the body of a poet as the main dimensions for imagery creation. This ＂body＂ is not the flesh body separated from mind and spirit, but the subjectivity combined by spirit and flesh. Merleau-Ponty （梅洛—庞蒂）, a famous French phenomen01ogist, reversed Descartes＇s （ 笛卡尔 ） mind-body dualism, taking body and perception as the core categories of his phenomenology, and put forward the concept of ＂body orientation＂. This paper makes a comparatively comprehensive construction of the relationship between mind imagery and body, adding some new elements to the theory of mind imagery.