1990-2013年舟山市普陀区细菌性痢疾流行病学特征

Epidemiological features of bacterial dysentery from 1990 to 2013 in Putuo District of Zhoushan

目的：了解舟山市普陀区1990-2013年的细菌性痢疾流行规律，分析流行因素，为制定细菌性痢疾的防治对策提供科学依据。方法：对1990—2013年舟山市普陀区的细菌性痢疾疫情资料进行流行病学分析。结果：1990—2013年普陀区报告菌痢4457例，占传染病报告总数的12．31％，菌痢发病率总体呈逐年下降趋势，最高317．63／10万，最低1．03／lO万，平均为54．22／10万；1990-2013年菌痢发病占传染病报告百分比的变化为0．37％～36．24％；1～3岁组发病率最高；男性明显高于女性；发病每年在7月份开始上升，9月份达最高，11月份恢复到上升前水平；与岛屿乡镇相比，本岛城区的发病率更高；不同职业发病数顺位由高到低依次为散居儿童、家务待业、渔民、学生和工人；菌株分型以福氏和宋内氏志贺菌为主，分别占75．68％和24．32％。结论：细菌性痢疾发病呈逐年下降的趋势，已维持在低发水平；发病率为1～3岁组最高，随年龄增长，发病逐渐减少；发病高峰季节在8～11月份。

Objective To provide a scientific basis for the countermeasures to prevent and control the bacterial dysen- tery. Methods The present research was conducted to probe into the epidemic features of bacterial dysentery during the period from 1990 to 2013 in Putuo District of Zhoushan city. Retrospective analysis was made of the data on bacterial dysentery reported from 1990 to 2013. Results statistics shown that 4 630 cases of bacterial dysentery were reported from 1990 to 2013,accounting for 12. 31% of total number of infectious diseases rePorted during the period. It was found that the incidence of bacterial dysentery took on a trend of year--by--year decrease with a highest incidence of 317.63/lakh and a lowest one of 1.03/lakh. The annual average incidence was 24.25/lakh. The percentage of bacterial dysentery in infectious diseases reported from 1990 to 2013 changed from 0.37% to 36.24%. The incidence was hlghei in male than in female with the age group Of 1~3 years having the highest rate. The incidence began to increase in Ju- ly, peaked in September and returned to the level prior in November. Comparecl with counties, the incidence in urban ar- eas was higher. The cases were mainly distributed in scattered children, domestic unemployed, fishermen, students and workers. The etiological surveillance indicated that the major pathogens were Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei with the positive rates of 75.68% and 24.32%, respectively. Conclusions The incidence of bacillary dysentery declined year by year and remained at low level in Putuo District. The rate decreases with age and the rate highest in the age group of 1~3 years. Peak incidence was seen from August to November.