摘要
为揭示鱼类放养对藕田节肢动物群落多样性的影响,于2014年4月至9月,对湖南武冈莲藕种植基地的3种鱼类(鲫鱼、鲤鱼、草鱼)5种放养密度下藕田的节肢动物种类组成、密度及多样性指数进行比较分析。结果显示:试验藕田共收集节肢动物9目32科61种,当放养鲫鱼、鲤鱼、草鱼分别为2 400、2 400、1 200尾/hm2时,藕田内节肢动物种类最多,共21科44种,未放养鱼类时所得到的种类最少,为39种,节肢动物种类随着放养鱼类密度的增大而增加;各处理组中主要害虫亚群落均为莲缢管蚜、斜纹夜蛾和摇蚊类害虫,未放养鱼类时藕田内莲缢管蚜和摇蚊类害虫的数量均显著高于放鱼处理,斜纹夜蛾数量在各组间无显著性差异;主要天敌亚群落为拟水狼蛛及其他蜘蛛,其中未放养鱼类时拟水狼蛛的数量显著高于鱼类放养处理组,鱼类放养处理组的节肢动物群落多样性指数和均匀度指数均显著高于未放鱼处理组,但优势度指数则相反。群落相似性分析发现,未放鱼处理与鱼类放养处理各组间相似性最小。
For the purpose of exploring the impact of fish stocking impact on the diversity of arthropod community in the lotus field ecosystem, community component, density and diversity indices of arthropod in lotus field at Wugang city, Hunan province, China were investigated from April to September in 2014 under five different fish(crucian, carp, grass carp) stocking applications. The results showed that in the experimental lotus field in which a total of 61 species of arthropod belonging to 32 families and 9 orders were collected, there were 44 species of arthropod belonging to 21 families in the fish-stocking field when crucian, carp, grass carp were stocked at 2 400, 2 400, and 1 200 individuals/hm2, which was the most; the species number of arthropod was 39 in the field with no-fish stocking, which was the least compared to other applications.. The arthropod species increased with the increasing density of the stocking fish. Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae, Prodenia litura and Chironomidae were the major pests species under each applications, the amount of Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae and Chironomidae were markedly higher in fish-stocking fields than those in no-fishing stocking fields while the amount of Prodenia litura showed no significant difference among each applications, Pirata subpiraticus and other spiders acted as the primary natural enemies, and the amount of Pirata subpiraticus under no-fish stocking applications was significantly higher than those under fish stocking applications. Diversity and evenness indices in fish stocking applications were greatly higher compared to no-fishing stocking application, on the contrary advantage concentration was lower in fish stocking applications. Fish stocking applications showed the least similarity of arthropod community with no-fish application.
出处
《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第1期64-69,共6页
Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)
基金
"十二.五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD27B02)