急性药物过敏反应的抢救对策及护理方法

Emergency treatment and nursing method of acute drug allergy reaction

目的分析急性药物过敏反应患者的抢救对策及护理方法,探讨如何高效地救治此类患者。方法收集我院2008年1月至2015年5月抢救的21例急性药物过敏反应患者,总结其发病时间、临床症状及体征,抢救对策和护理方法。结果患者在用药后5~15 min内发病,临床表现为局部皮肤瘙痒2例,全身皮疹1例,胸闷及呼吸困难4例,头痛头晕3例,恶心呕吐2例,血压下降、大汗淋漓2例,喉部痉挛2例,肢体抖动1例,意识丧失4例。经准确地判断过敏反应指征并进行及时抢救及有效护理后,所有患者的过敏反应均有不同程度的改善。结论急性药物过敏反应发病时间短、临床症状重,及时判断药物过敏反应指征并进行合理有序的抢救护理流程,是提高救治成功率的关键。

Objective To analyze the emergency treatment and nursing method of acute drug allergy reaction,discuss how to effectively treat patients.Methods Twenty one patients with acute drug allergy reaction in our hospital from January 2008 to May 2015 were selected,and the onset time,clinical symptoms and signs,rescue measures and nursing methods were summarized.Results The allergy reaction occurred within 5~15 min after medication,there were 2 cases of local skin itching,1 case of whole body skin rashes,4 cases of chest tightness and dyspnea,3 cases of headache and dizziness,2 cases of nausea and vomiting,2 cases of decreased blood pressure and sweating,2 cases of laryngeal spasm,1 case of limb jitter,4 cases of consciousness loss.After the accurate judgment of the allergic reaction indications and timely rescue and effective nursing,all patients with allergic reaction had different degrees of improvement.Conclusion The onset time of acute drug allergy reaction is short,and the clinical symptoms are heavy.The key to improve the success rate of the treatment is to determine the indications of drug allergy reaction and to carry out the reasonable and orderly rescue nursing process.