我国西南地区蛋禽配合饲料中霉菌毒素的污染分布规律

Mycotoxin Distribution of Layers Feed in Southwest China

本次研究旨在了解霉菌毒素在我国西南地区的污染分布规律。对西南地区(四川、重庆、贵州、广西、云南)来自不同规模饲料厂的蛋禽(蛋鸡、蛋小鸡和蛋鸭)的95个配合饲料进行霉菌毒素[黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZON)、呕吐毒素(DON)和伏马毒素(FB)]含量检测,检测方法先用酶联免疫吸附测定试验(ELISA)法初筛,对含量超过国家限量值的80%的样品运用高效液相色谱法复查。结果表明:1)AFB_1、DON、ZON和FB的检出率分别为83.16%、93.68%、94.74%和100.00%,AFB_1和ZON的超标率均为3.16%,而DON和FB均无超标。不同省市之间蛋禽饲料产品中的AFB_1、DON和ZON的平均含量差异极显著(P<0.01),其中AFB_1含量最高的是重庆,为10.9μg/kg,DON含量最高的是四川,为1.07 mg/kg。2)不同蛋禽饲料品种之间的4种霉菌毒素的含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)不同规模饲料厂中的蛋禽饲料样品的AFB_1含量差异显著(P<0.05),其中AFB_1含量最高的是小规模饲料厂(年产量<5万t)的饲料,为6.36μg/kg。由此可见,我国西南地区的蛋禽配合饲料中AFB_1、DON、ZON和FB的污染广泛,不同地区和不同规模饲料厂蛋禽饲料间的霉菌毒素含量存在差异。

The objective of this survey aim to study the mycotoxins contamination of layers feed in southwest area of China. A total of 95 feed samples from different area（ Sichuan,Chongqing,G uizhou,G uangxi and Yunnan） of southwest were obtained to determine the contents of aflatoxin B1（ AFB1）,zearalenone（ ZON）,deoxynivalenol（ DON） and fumonisin（ FB）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ ELISA） was initially used for determination. Then,some samples would be detected by high performance liquid chromatography（ HPLC） if the mycotoxins content was beyond 80% of the national limited standard. The results showed as follows： 1） the detection rates of AFB1,DON,ZON and FB in layer＇s feeds were 83. 16%,93. 68%,94.74% and 100.00%,respectively. The over-limit ratio of AFB1 and ZON was 3. 16%,respectively,while DON and FB were not observed to exceed the limits. The average content of AFB1,DON and ZON in layer＇s feed of different province / city was significantly different（ P〈0.01）,with the Chongqing had the highest content of AFB1（ 10.9 μg /kg）,Sichuan had the highest content of DON（ 1.07 mg /kg）. 2） The average content of four mycotoxins had no significant difference in different feed type（ P〉0.05）. 3） The content of AFB1 of layer＇s feed was observed to be different in different production scale company（ P〈0.05）,and the small-scale feed company（ less than 50 000 t per year） had higher content of AFB1（ 6.36 μg /kg）. It is concluded that in southwest of China,the contamination of AFB1,DON,ZON and FB are relative lowin layer＇s feed,but the contents of these four mycotoxins are different in different regions and different scale enterprises.