专业学位教育的双重取向:内涵与启示

Dual Orientations of Professional Education:Meaning and Inspiration

专业是一种"专门化"的职业,是知识和技术含量更高的职业,从19世纪开始,美国的教育、法律、医学等领域"将专门职业与现代大学联系起来",开始在大学系统内进行专业教育。自此,专业学位教育成为了高等教育系统中一种不同于学术型学位的教育类别。在专业教育与大学联系起来并逐步大学化的过程中,专业学位教育与大学和专业实践领域之间分别产生了双重关系。在这种双重关系中,大学代表了学科取向,而专业实践则代表了实践取向,双重取向是专业学位教育的中心特征。本文梳理专业、专业学位教育等基本概念和界定,重点分析专业学位教育的双重取向之缘起、内涵及其带来的现实挑战,为目前我国专业学位教育的发展提供思路,为专业学位教育改革提供依据。

Universities in the U. S. began to provide professional training in education, law, medicine, etc. in the 19th century, and, ever since, professional education has been a type of degree education different from academically-focused education. Professional education is featured by a dual relationship with the university and professional practice, where the university stands for a disciplinary orientation and professional practice for a practice orientation. This article analyzes the concepts of profession and professional education, and the origin, meaning and challenges of the dual orientations of professional training. The findings will provide useful information and inspirations for the development of professional education in China.