2011—2013年成都地区发热呼吸道症候群住院患儿鼻病毒流行病学特征

Epidemic characteristics of rhinovirus in hospitalized children with respiratory syndrome in Chengdu during 2011—2013

目的:监测分析2011—2013年成都地区发热呼吸道症候群住院患儿鼻病毒(HRV)检出情况、病原型别及流行特征,为本地区HRV感染防控提供基础数据。方法:应用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)对2011年1月—2013年12月从1 117例患儿鼻咽抽吸物标本提取的病毒核酸进行HRV-5′NCR筛检,随机挑取30例筛检阳性标本扩增HRV-VP4/VP2基因并测序,通过序列的比对分析鉴定病毒型别及变异状况。结果:1 117份鼻咽抽吸物标本中HRV-5′NCR核酸检出率为24.62%(275/1 117)。测序获得的30条HRVVP4/VP2中,HRV-A型15例,HRV-B型4例,HRV-C型11例。检出高峰在11月,1岁以内儿童检出率最高;不同临床诊断疾病中,伴有喘息性疾病的患儿中HRV检出率最高。结论:HRV是成都地区呼吸症候群住院患儿病毒性感染的常见病原,HRV感染在成都地区全年均可发生,不同季节和年龄组检出率不同,呈现多个基因型共同流行且以A型为主的特点。

Objective： To analyze the detection, etiological types and epidemic characteristics of human rhinovirus （HRV） in the hospitalized children with respiratory syndrome in Chengdu area during 2011-2013, and to provide basic data for prevention and control HRV infection. Methods.. Altogether 1 117 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected regularly from the children with respiratory syndrome. The samples were screened for the presence of RNA of HRV-5＇NCR using RT-PCR. HRV specific sequence types and mutation status were identified by sequencing the VP4/VP2 coding region. Results.. A total of 24.62% （275/1 117） of these samples were positive for HRV RNA. 30 sequences were obtained, including 15 HRV-As, 4 HRV-Bs and 11 HRV-Cs. The HRV detection peak was in November, and in different age groups, the detection rate for children under 1 years of age was higher than others. The highest detection rate of HRV was in the children with asthmatic diseases among different clinical diagnosis diseases. Conclusion： HRV is a common pathogen of viral infection in the hospitalized children with respiratory syndrome and it can be detected throughout the year in Chengdu area. The differences in detection rate between different genders and different seasons are satistically significant. Sequence analysis showed that multiple genotypes of rhinovirus are epidemic in common in Chengdu area and HRV-A is the main subtype.