一项公平与效率兼备的高考改革为什么难以为继?——标准分制度的变迁及其折射的治理困境

Why is a University Entrance Examination Reform with both Fairness and Efficiency Hard to Sustain?The change of standard score system and its reflection on the governance

实施标准分制度是恢复高考后考试标准化改革的一项重大举措,试点和推广历时二十余年,涉及七个省份。与传统的高考分数制度相比,标准分在分数评定的精确性、人才选拔的效率以及对形式公平的保障上均有明显的优势。然而,在多重的制度变迁逻辑中,标准分制度并不能满足各主要利益相关者的诉求。社会对高考改革在科学与公平维度上的独特要求,政府在应对上的民意依赖等,使得这一整体上功能更佳的制度难以为继。高考改革既关系"民生"又涉及"国计",双重的改革任务对治理方式提出了更高的要求。

The experiment and promotion of standard score in university entrance examination has lasted about 20 years and covered 7provinces.Compared with the traditional score report system,standard score has obvious advantages on scoring precision,efficiency of talents selection and insurance of formal fairness.However,in multiple logics of institutional change,it did not meet the needs of different stakeholders.The special requirements on the reform in terms of scientificity and fairness and the public opinion dependence of government＇s response could not make the system of standard score a reality.Concerning both of the people＇s livelihood and national welfare,the reform asks for more reasonable governance means.