诗可以乐?——读钱锺书先生《诗可以怨》

Can Poetry Be Enjoyable?On Can Poetry Be a Resentful Means by QIAN Zhong-shu

钱锺书先生认为,在诗的"兴观群怨"四大功能中,"怨"只是其中一项。"诗可以怨"变成文论史上的"套板",与"诗言志"中的"哀乐并举"观不吻合。其实,痛苦和快乐都能产生诗歌,比如"离群"之怨与"嘉会"之乐,"怨"的心理内容与"圆"的美学形式,沧海明珠与蚌病成珠,重的风格与轻的风格,悲剧与喜剧,等等。"怨"的观念,跟人们以"衰变观"来对待历史的态度相关,其背后隐含着一种"精神返祖"的冲动。诗的"现实感"既是哀的,也是乐的。

Sir QIAN Zhong-shu holds that,yuan is but one of the four principal functions of poetry,namely,xing（associating）,guan（observing）,qun（communing）and yuan（complaining）.In the history of the Chinese literary aesthetics,however,yuan has become a‘format＇,that disagrees with the view that poetry conveys aspiration,which concerns both sadness and happiness.In reality,both sadness and happiness can give rise to poetry,such as the complaint for departure and meeting for happiness,among others.The idea of yuan has long been associated with people＇s attitude towards history in terms of＂declination of change＂,which conceives a passion for＂spiritual leaseback＂.The＂reality sense＂of poetry,however,is not only of sadness,but also of happiness.