法经济学视域下我国离婚法改革的创新思路

Innovative Ideas on Reform of Divorce Law from Perspective of Law and Economics

离婚法作为指引和规制当事人离婚行为的制度性规范,其离婚立法原则不同,所产生的离婚成本与收益亦有分别,人们的离婚行为及当时社会整体离婚水平相应地也存在不同。当前我国破裂主义诉讼离婚标准以及相对简化的协议离婚程序,使离婚的法律成本降低,溢出效应反而增强,存在"自由充分,限制不足"之缺憾。我国离婚法的改革,应以保障离婚自由为前提,减少和避免轻率离婚为目标,实现离婚边际效用最大化。在分居与离婚关系结构定位问题上,无论登记离婚抑或裁判离婚,原则上需经过一定期间之分居,但在夫妻一方严重违背法定婚姻义务,他方不愿与其继续共同生活时,亦可不必受分居前置程序之拘束,而径自诉请离婚。

The divorce law,as institutional norms to regulate the divorce actions of spousal,exists the difference between divorce cost and benefit because of the difference of legal principle of divorce. At present,the divorce norms and procedure of divorce by agreement shall reduce the legal cost of divorce,enhance the overflow effect of divorce,and exist the defect of free divorce. The reform of divorce law shall protect the freedom of divorce,reduce the rate of haste divorce,and realize marginal utility maximization of divorce. To deal with the structure of separation and divorce,the judicial divorce and divorce by agreement shall be in the premise of separation. However,when one party disobey the legal duty,the other party shall choose divorce directly.