致病疫霉菌株交配型的检测及其检测方法的比较

The Mating Type Detection of Phytophthora Infestans Strains and the Comparison of the Detection Methods

致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)是马铃薯晚疫病的病原体,可导致马铃薯大面积减产。致病疫霉的有性生殖可以产生卵孢子,由于其抗逆性较强,利于致病疫霉渡过不利的生存环境,给马铃薯晚疫病的有效防治带来巨大的困难。致病疫霉的有性生殖属于异宗配合,即A1、A2交配型同时培养时才会产生卵孢子。因此,快速而有效地检测致病疫霉菌株的交配型将为致病疫霉有性生殖分子机理的研究及致病疫霉的防治奠定基础。通过直接配对法、纸盘法和分子标记法三种方法,对5株来源不同的致病疫霉菌株进行了交配型检测。三种方法的检测结果均表明,菌株HQK8-3、2PO-D、USA1的交配型与ATCC标准菌株64093的交配型一致,为A1交配型,而菌株2PO82001、P7723的交配型与ATCC标准菌株32835的交配型一致,为A2交配型。说明三种方法均可有效鉴定致病疫霉交配型,但三种方法各有优缺点,应根据实验条件,采取合适的方法进行菌株交配型测定。

Phytophthora infestans is the pathogen of potato late blight. It can cause large-scale production cuts for potato. The stress resistance of the oospores produced by the sexual reproduction of P. infestans is very strong,which can make this pathogen survive in an unfavorable environment and brings great difficulties for the effective prevention and control of potato late blight. Because the sexual reproduction of P. infestans is heterothallic,the oospores can be produced only when the A1 and A2 mating type strain are cocultured. Therefore,the rapid and effective detection of the mating type of P. infestans strains will lay the foundation for the research on the molecular mechanism of sexual reproduction of this species and the prevention and control of the diseases caused by this pathogen. The dual culture method,paper disc method,and molecular marker method were used to detect the mating type of 5 strains of P. infestans. All of the results from three methods showed that the mating type of the strain HQK8-3,2PO-D,USA1 was A1,the same as that of the ATCC standard strain 64093. The mating type of the strain 2PO82001 and P7723 was A2,identical to that of the ATCC standard strain 32835. All of three methods can effectively identify the mating type of P. infestans,but every method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate method should be adopted to identify the mating type of P. infestans. strains according to the experimental conditions.