基于GIS的重庆市潼南县洪水灾害危险性分析

Analysis of flood disaster risk of Tongnan County,Chongqing based on GIS

近年来,3S技术的发展为区域洪水灾害分析提供了有效的数据管理工具、空间分析功能以及直观的表现手段,使洪水灾害研究领域有了新的突破。选择重庆市潼南县为研究区域,基于GIS平台,采用层次分析法、GIS空间分析方法,利用与洪水灾害危险性相关较大的降雨、地形、水系、水库4个因素,建立了洪水灾害危险性评价模型,并利用模型对潼南县洪水灾害危险性进行了分析,得到了潼南县洪水灾害危险性等级分布图。分布图显示,潼南县中部和东南部地区的洪水灾害危险性普遍较高于其它地区,特别是琼江和涪江两岸地区危险性最高,占研究区面积29.25%;潼南县东北部、南部地区的洪水灾害危险性相对于中部来说较低。总的来说,潼南县大多数地区处于较高危险水平。

In recent years, 3S technology development provides the regional flood disaster analysis with an effective data management tool, spatial analysis function and visual display, which makes a breakthrough in flood disaster analysis. Tongnan County, Chongqing is chosen as research area, and on the basis of GIS, the flood disaster risk evaluation model is established by using analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and GIS spatial analysis and by consideration of the closed - related d factors of rainfall, topography, river system and reservoir. The flood disaster risk of Tongnan County, Chongqing is evaluated and the zoning map of risk degree of flood disaster is obtained with the model. The map shows that the risk of flood disasters in the central and southeast area of Tongnan is generally higher than that of other areas; the most dangerous areas are along the Qiongjiang River and Fujiang River, accounting for 29.25% of the research area; the risk degrees of flood disaster in the northeast and south areas are lower than that in central areas. All in all, most regions in Tongnan County are at high risk.