领悟社会支持对社交焦虑的影响:反刍思维的中介作用和社会阻抑的调节作用

The Effect of Perceived Social Support on Social Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Rumination and the Moderating Role of Social Undermining

本研究旨在探索领悟社会支持对社交焦虑的影响,深入探讨社会阻抑和反刍思维对该影响的作用。方法:采用问卷法,以471名职员为被试进行调查,数据结果分析采用Bootstrap分析方法。结果显示:(1)反刍思维在领悟社会支持和社交焦虑之间起中介作用。领悟社会支持通过降低反刍思维的水平,减轻社交焦虑。(2)社会阻抑调节领悟社会支持→反刍思维→社交焦虑中介模型的前半路径,社会阻抑改变了领悟社会支持对反刍思维作用的大小。

Social anxiety is becoming a worldwide mental health problem, and in-service staff are one of several subgroups that are most vulnerable to this problem. According to the causality model, the lack of social support can lead to social anxiety. Empirical studies have found that the perceived lack of social support may lead to higher social anxiety. However, most of the studies pay more attention to individual factors such as personality to explore the influence mechanism on social anxiety. Not enough attention was paid to interpersonal interaction. Rumination, passively and repetitively dwelling on and questioning negative feelings in response to distress, is a risky factor for the development of psychopathology （Hilt ＆ Pollak, 2012）. Social undermining is defined in a work context as behaviors intended to hinder a worker＇s ability to establish and maintain positive interpersonal relationships, work-related success and a favorable reputation over time （Duffy, Ganster ＆ Pagon, 2002）. In real life, individuals are affected by both social support and social undermining. Social undermining weakens the role of social support by adding pressures and lowering self-efficacy. The recent study has brought in social undermining and rumination to explore the influential mechanism of perceived social support on social anxiety. The study aims to provide the basis for improving and alleviating the extension of social anxiety. Questionnaires were used to test hypotheses in this essay. A total of 471 in-service staff （259 males ＆ 212 females）, ages 24 to 55, participated in the study. We translated the social undermining scale and used the perceived social support scale, ruminative responses scale and interaction anxiousness scale. Bootstrap of Mplus is used as the analytic method to analyze and process the data. The results indicated that： （1） Rumination mediated the relation of perceived social support to social anxiety. Perceived social support predicted rumination significantly （β = -.352, p 〈 .001）, and rumination predicted social anxiety significantly （β = .304, p 〈 .001）. （2） Social undermining moderated the effect of perceived social support to rumination. The interaction term （perceived social support x supervisor social undermining） predicted the rumination explicitly （β= .294, p 〈 .001）, and the interaction term （perceived social support x coworker social undermining） also predicted rumination obviously （β =. 121, p = .009）. When the levels of social undermining were low, the relation of perceived social support to social anxiety was crucial, but the relationship was not crucial with high social undermining. This study shows a new theoretical and practical view to clarify social anxiety. The findings enrich the causality model by confirming the mediating role of rumination in relation of perceived social support to social anxiety. This study also confirms that social undermining moderates the impact of perceived social support on rumination. Though the participants of this study were heterogeneous, this study did not focus on the difference and assumes them as homogeneous. More studies should use diverse methods and create diverse models to explore how a professional difference could lead to differences of social anxiety.