情感强度不同负性生活事件对个体情感反应和行为选择的影响

The Impact of Different Intensity Negative Life Events on Affective Reactions and Behavior Options of Individual

采用系列实验方法探讨不同情感强度负性生活事件对个体情感反应和行为选择的影响。结果发现:(1)复合生活事件(1高负性+1低负性)为异类时,个体对复合事件的负性感受比单独1高负性事件更低,选择经历前者,出现平均效应;(2)复合生活事件为同类时,其负性感受比单独1高负性事件更高,选择经历后者,出现累加效应;(3)复合事件有明显的时间特点时,其情感和行为选择受事件发生时间影响,符合峰-终定律。结论:人们对负性生活事件的加工受其特点的影响,加工方式不同。

Existing studies dispute the impact of life events on an individual＇s affective reactions and behavior options. It is generally believed that more negative events are worse, but studies have inconsistent conclusions： more negative events are better when events have different affective intensities （Seta, Haire, ＆ Seta, 2008）. Thus, the affective intensity of negative life events may be a crucial variable. In addition, no satisfactory explanations were given by averaging and summation model, peak-end rule and mental accounting models. The main purpose of this study is to explore the impact of different intensities of negative life events on an individual＇s affective reactions and behavior options to find its internal processing mechanism and to establish a satisfactory theoretical explanation. 144 college students participated in three experiments. The study applied a research paradigm from Seta, Haire, ＆ Seta （2008）, the experimental materials for Chinese college students＇ negative life events. Participants were told that the experimenter was interested in their reactions to different events. After that, they were given packets that contained the experimental manipulations. Participants indicated how negative they felt after thinking about the events that happened to them on a 101-point scale where ＂0＂ indicated ＂low negative＂ and ＂100＂ indicated ＂super extremely negative.＂ They were also asked to choose between the two options （the highly negative event versus the highly negative plus mildly positive one） by circling the letter （either A or B） that appeared in front of each option. Order of options and event presentations were counterbalanced. The results showed that individuals used different processing modes to negative life events of different attributions, which was shown in the difference of affective reactions and behavior options. Experiment 1 found that participants had a more intense negative affective reaction when they were exposed to a highly negative life experience rather than exposed to two negative events： a highly negative and a mildly negative life event. This supports the averaging effect. There were no significant order effects. The lack of order effects in this experiment demonstrates that averaging effects can be obtained over and above the sequence effects, such as those predicted by the peak-end rule. Experiment 2 showed that summation effects were obtained when the negative life events of different intensities were the same types. However, averaging effects were obtained when the different intensity negative life events were different types. Experiment 3 found that the peak-end rule was obtained when the negative life events had an obvious temporal sequence. The results showed that an individual＇s processing of negative life events was not invariable, but had different processing modes and strategies depending on the attribution of life events. The study supports the multiple-processing hypothesis of life events, in which individuals＇ processing may be averaging or summation according to the negative life event＇s attribution.