激光三维路元高程数值扫描仪

3-D laser scanner for measuring the heights of pavement mesh elements

当前国内外高速公路自动智能检测设备如平整度仪、车辙仪、纹理构造深度仪和裂缝病害检测仪等及其集成的多功能检测系统存在许多不足。虽然它们都是从不同侧面测量同一路面的高程变化特性,但各功能设备独立设计,依据的原理各异,方法不同,基准不统一,由此得到的测量数据互不相关,甚至错位。整套设备更是价格昂贵,操作复杂。为此,该文提出了统一的车道半刚性路面物理模型。采用统一的设计路面—水平面组合基准,建立了以车道设计路面为基面,以分道线为轴的车道网格坐标系,按特定间隔进行数据采样,得到的路面三维轮廓图可正确描述任何复杂路面及其三维破损。该文提出用路面高程空间频谱方法分析复杂路面变形与病害,用频谱滤波方法处理路元高程数据,只须分别设置不同滤波参数,就可从同一路元高程数值数据库中得到不同特征频谱的技术指标数据,例如:低通滤波得到路面连续变形特性,并由此得到纵断面特征及其平整度指标;得到横断面特征及车辙指标,特别是可自动计算路段的三维破损率;高通滤波得到脉冲性病害与裂缝;得到细观纹理断面构造与深度。该文设计了包括结构激光标线断面扫描,高分辨CCD探测与车道坐标零位监测的激光三维路元高程数值扫描仪。该扫描仪得到的路元高程数值网格数据库,实现了路面技术状况的统一简明完全表达,不仅实现现有多套设备的全部功能,而且克服了它们由于原理基准与方法不统一产生的各种问题,并可成功解决它们难以解决技术条件适应性问题,特别是对裂缝病害与三维病害的全自动智能检测与处理难题。该扫描仪价格低得多,使用也方便得多,值得全面推广,可极大提高公路高效运行安全管理要求的自动智能检测水平。

There are many deficiencies in both domestic and international expressway automatic detection equipments,such as the roughness measuring instrument,rut measuring instrument,instrument for detecting the pavement crack,instrument for measuring the depth of the macro-texture,and their integrated detection system. Although they measure the same pavement from different aspects,these instruments and systems were designed independently based on the different principles and different adaption of references. All the problems yield unsatisfactory results including the data uncorrelated and even dislocated. In addition,the integrated equipments with multifunction are very expensive and difficult to operate. To solve these problems,this paper established a unified physical model for the semi-rigid pavement. In this model,the unified composite standard based on the designed pavement-horizon plane is utilized. According to this standard,this paper established a lane mesh coordinate with the designed pavement as the base and the separation line as the axis. The sampling of the data is carried out following the specified spacing. The arbitrary 3-D damage on the complex pavement can be completely described by the obtained contour map. This paper proposed a pavement height based spatial spectrum analysis method to analyze the deformation and the damage on the complex pavement. To set up different filtering parameters,from the database of the height of pavement element,the different characteristic spectrum can be obtained. For example,the low-pass filtering relates to continuous deformation on the pavement that may provide the roughness for the characteristics in the longitudinal section and provide the rut for the characteristics in the cross section and finally may also provide the 3-D percentage of damage; while the high-pass filtering relates to the pulse damage and crack,and depth of the fine texture cross section. This paper designed a 3-D laser scanner for measuring the heights of pavement mesh elements that can realize structure laser line scanning,CCD detection with high resolution and zero position monitoring for lane coordinates. With this scanner,the database can be established that can provide the complete information and the concise expressions. The multifunctionality of this scanner makes it possible to replace several sets of equipments and to overcome all the deficiencies mentioned above. In addition,the challenging issues of the technical requirement adaption,especially the full automatic smart detection and processing of the crack and 3-D damages can be successfully resolved. The superiority of high performance,low cost and easy operation is quite attractive for the full popularization that may result in the significant enhancement on the automatic smart detection and consequently contribute to the great improvement of the safe operation and effective management of the pavement.