论全球化中的焦虑及其解除之道——读齐格蒙特·鲍曼《被围困的社会》

The Problem of Anxiety and Solutions in Globalization——Comment on Society Under Siege by Zygmunt Bauman

在全球化、后工业化进程中,由于既有的生活方式和行为模式受到了社会高度复杂性和高度不确定性的冲击,使人们陷入了深深的焦虑之中。在20世纪80年代以来世界范围的改革中,是包含着解除焦虑的内容的,但是,由于人们囿于工业社会的思路去开展社会建构,不仅未能开拓出创造幸福生活的道路,反而使人们的社会生活陷入更为紧张的状态,加深了人们的焦虑感。其实,在现代化进程中,当人走出家庭而进入社会后,就陷入了焦虑不断增强的过程之中,由于社会与家庭的分离又使人能够在家庭中医治社会活动中生成的焦虑。到了工业社会后期,家庭的衰落却意味着医治人的社会焦虑的场所逐步走向消失的方向。现在,关于焦虑问题的解除将不是在家元共同体以及家庭的重建中去谋求出路,而是需要在为了人的共生共在的合作行动中去消除焦虑。事实上,由于对差异的承认以及在流动性的条件下开展行动,将使焦虑无从产生。

In the process of globalization and post-industrialization,the impact of social complexity and uncertainty on the existent lifestyle and behavior pattern makes people fall into the deep anxiety. The reforms in the worldwide since the 1980 s has aimed to eliminate anxiety,however,due to the limit of the construction ideas of industrial society,they not only fail to create a way for leading a happy life,but also deepen people's anxiety. In fact,in the progress of modernization,when people enter the real world without the family protection,they feel increasingly anxious,for the separation of society from families enables people to solve the anxiety from the social activities in their family environment. In the late industrial society,the decline of families indicates the gradual disappearance of the place for curing people's social anxiety. Nowadays,solving the problem of anxiety does not mean seeking a way out in the reconstruction of family-centered community and families; instead,it can be realized in people's cooperative actions.Actually,anxiety will no longer come into being as long as the differences are identified and the activities are carried out under the liquidity conditions.