况周颐自注词与其对民国初年词学发展的探索

Kuang Zhouyi's Self-Annotation and His Exploration of Development of Ci Poetry in the Early Republic of China

晚清词学大家况周颐的词集中有着数量丰富的自注。这些自注内容多样,具有多种功能,也具有较高的文献价值和学术价值。从这些自注中可以窥见况周颐词学的四个取向:其一,在自注中注明声律,让作词的人有法可依、有律可循,主张规范词的作法,坚持格律是词的生命线;其二,在自注中不仅注冷僻知识,连一般诗词典故都注,是要普及词,让词走向普通民众,主张词的俗化;其三,用自注的形式叙事,让词体抒发的情感有具体的事件依托,拓展词体内容以弥补词体体制短小的弊病,主张词作叙事;其四,注自己的旧题、旧集、旧句,甚至在自注中评价自己的作品,显示其词作的互文性。从这四个取向可以看出况周颐对民国初年词学发展的探索。

The ci poem collection of Kuang Zhouyi,a master of ci poetry in the Late Qing Dynasty,has abundant self-annotations.Those self-annotations have diverse contents and various functions,and they also have highly literary and academic value.From them we can see four orientation of Kuang＇s poetry：first,indicating the rhythm,to make the writers have laws to abide by,to propose the practice of standard words,to observe the order that rules and forms are the lifeline of ci poems;second,not only annotating deserted or unfamiliar knowledge,but also the general poetry and allusions,and trying to popularize ci poems;third,narrating in the form of annotation,to make the emotion have events to rely on,to expand the contents of ci poems to get rid of the disadvantage of short form;forth,annotating own old titles,old sentences and old ci poem collections,even evaluating his own works in self-annotations.These four orientations reflect Kuang Zhouyi＇s exploration of the development of ci poetry in the Early Republic of China.