环境正义视域中的邻避及其治理之道

On the NIMBY and Its Countermeasure from the Perspective of Environmental Justice

邻避本身是一个环境行为学的概念,源自于生活环境的改变。因而,邻避可以界定为公民维护和争取自身环境权益的行动。邻避具有一定的正义性。首先,公民环境权决定了公民可以参与自身环境使用的选择与决策;其次,公民的环境保护义务决定了公民可以对破坏环境的设施建设加以抵制。然而,邻避也有一定的限度,极端个人主义与极端环境主义的邻避都是非正义的。邻避治理只有采取环境正义取向,才能消除邻避的动因,从根本上规避邻避的发生。首先,应明确环境权及其边界,实现承认的正义化;其次,应推进环境补偿的科学全面,实现分配的正义化;最后,要转变邻避设施建设模式,实现程序的正义化。

NIMBY（not in one＇s backyard） is a concept in the study of environment behavior,and originates from the change of living environment.NIMBY can be defined as such an activity that citizens maintain and fight for their environmental rights and interests.Therefore,NIMBY is of some justice.First,the environmental right of citizens determines their choices and decisions in their environmental participation;second,citizens＇ duty of environmental protection determines that they can resist the facilities construction against the environment.However,NIMBY has certain limitations.Both NIMBY of extreme individualism and of extreme environmentalism are unjust.Only by the orientation of environmental justice can NIMBY＇s motives be eliminated so as to fundamentally avoid NIMBY.It is,at first,to clear the environmental right and its boundary to justify the recognition;secondly,to improve the environmental compensation scientifically and comprehensively to justify the distribution;finally,to shift the mode of NIMBY＇s facilities construction to justify the procedure.