合肥市2014年高温中暑流行病学特征及其与气象因子关系研究

Epidemiological characteristics of high temperature heat stroke and its relationship with meteorological factors in Hefei city,2014

目的了解合肥市高温中暑的发生情况,分析高温中暑病例的特征,为制定预防和控制措施提供依据。方法收集合肥市2014年高温中暑和气象数据,采用Spearman相关分析和Poission广义可加模型分析。结果 2014年合肥市共发生高温中暑160例,男性114例（71.25%）,女性46例（28.75%）,其中轻症中暑115例（71.88%）,重症中暑45例（28.12%）。年龄16~86岁之间,平均（43.79±16.05）岁,其中40岁以上的中老年病例占61.88%。中暑者主要为农民60例（37.50%）和工人77例（48.12%）。其中7月份中暑病例达116例（72.50%）,为中暑高发期。Spearman相关分析结果表明,高温中暑人数与日最高气温、日最低气温、日均气温成正相关关系,与日最小湿度、日均湿度、日最高气压、日最低气压、日均气压成负相关,且均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。Poisson广义可加模型结果显示日均气温是影响高温中暑的主要因素,日均气温与高温中暑呈正相关,随着日均气温的升高,发生高温中暑的风险也增加。结论合肥市高温中暑以轻症中暑为主,多为中老年男性,7月份为高发期,日均气温是影响高温中暑的主要因素。

Objective To investigate the incidence of heat stroke in Hefei city,analyze the characteristics of heat stroke cases,and provide the basis for making the preventive and control measures. Methods Collecting heat stroke and meteorological factors data of Hefei in 2014,and using SAS 9. 2 for data analysis. Results There were 160 cases of heat stroke in Hefei in 2014,114 male cases（ 71. 25%） and 46 female cases（ 28. 75%）,of which 115 cases were mild heat stroke（ 71.88%）,and 45 cases were severe heat stroke（ 28. 12%）. The ages were between 16- 86 years old,mean age was（ 43. 79± 16. 05） years,of which elderly cases over 40 years old accounted for 61. 88%. 60 cases（ 37. 50%） were farmers and77 cases（ 48. 12%） were workers. There were 116 cases of heat stroke cases（ 72. 50%） in July as a high incidence. The results of univariate correlation analysis（ Spearman correlation analysis） showed that the number of heat stroke was positively correlated with daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature and daily average temperature,and was negative correlated with the daily minimum humidity,daily average humidity,daily maximum pressure,daily minimum pressure,and daily average pressure,and were statistically significant（ P〈0. 01）. Poisson generalized additive models showed that average daily temperature was the main factor of heat stroke,and was positively correlated with heat stroke. The risk of heat stroke increased with the average daily temperatures rise. Conclusion There were mainly mild heat stroke cases in Hefei,who mostly were middle- aged men,and the high incidence time were in July. The average daily temperature was the main factor of heat stroke.