全球化、知识经济和比较教育学

Globalization,Knowledge Economy and Comparative Education

有人认为,知识经济1代表一种相对更强的全球化视野,也体现了它与教育体系间的潜在关联,因此知识经济对比较教育学2来说意味着一种极其严峻的挑战。随着人们对知识经济讨论的日益增多,围绕比较教育学似乎也引发了一些主要理论和方法论问题,本期特辑便是对以上问题进行介绍和探讨。知识经济引起教育领域多方面的变化,本文关注这些变化对"国家教育体系"三大要素产生的不同意义:就"国家"而言,本文将讨论方法论国家主义的性质及其影响,强调教育治理中日益显露的多标量性;就"教育"而言,本文认为当今的教育应该以不同的方式做不同的事情,而不是用不同的方式做同样的事情;就"体系"而言,随着不同规模、不同职责的平行部门不断发展,教育部门的组织机构也在发生改变。总体而言,本文认为我们能够见证一种在功能上、标量类型上和部门性上(非零和)创新的新型教育治理分工的发展。最后,本文将解答"现在需要比较什么"的问题,并将思考贯穿比较教育学的"解释"和"学习"所产生的影响。

This paper seeks to introduce this special issue by setting out what seem to be some of the major theoretical and methodological issues raised for comparative education by the increasing prominence of the discourses of the knowledge economy,which,it is argued,represent a particularly strong version of globalisation and its possible relationships to education systems,and hence an especially acute challenge to comparative education. It focuses on the possible implications of these changes for each of the three elements of＂national education system＂. In terms of the＂national＂it discusses the nature and consequences of methodological nationalism,and emphasises the emerging pluri-scalar nature of the governance of education. In terms of＂education＂,it argues that education is now being asked to do different things in different ways,rather than the same things in different ways. In terms of＂system＂,it is suggested that the constitution of education sectors may be in the process of changing,with a development of parallel sectors at different scales with different responsibilities. Overall,the article suggests that we may be witnessing the development of a new functional,scalar and sectoral（non zero sum）division of the labour of educational governance. Finally,it addresses the question＂what is now to be compared＂and considers the consequences for both＂explaining＂and＂learning＂through comparative education.