莱辛对民族戏剧的认识与卢梭的内在关联

Lessing's and Rousseau's Understanding of National Dramatic Theory

莱辛重视民族戏剧的教育功能,积极参与"德意志民族剧院"的建立与发展。与之相反,卢梭则极力反对在日内瓦建立剧院的主张,认为戏剧演出会败坏日内瓦公民的德性。然而,莱辛对民族戏剧的认识却与卢梭有着深层的联系,他一方面将卢梭关于怜悯的论述与亚里士多德的"恐惧与怜悯"进行了整合,另一方面将卢梭对戏剧的指责细划为对法国新古典主义戏剧的摒弃。他二人表面看似相反的观点,实际上体现了相同的构建自己国家民族认同的政治主张。

Lessing attached great importance to the educational function of national drama and was actively involved in the establishment and development of the Hamburg National Theatre. By contrast,Rousseau fiercely protested against the idea of establishing a theatre in Geneva. He believed that it would corrupt the virtue of Geneva citizens. However, Lessing’s understanding had an internal connection with that of Rousseau’s. On the one hand, Lessing integrated Rousseau’s comments on pity with Aristotle’s ＂eleos＂and ＂phobos＂. On the other hand, he replaced the critique of neoclassical French drama with Rousseau’accusation against drama. Both Lessing and Rousseau expressed the same political ideas on how to build a national identification of their own country and people.