从“君主”到“萌主”——“X主”词族衍化的机制及动因分析

The Mechanism and Motive of X+ZHU Words' Evolution and Expansion

与"X客"、"X奴"等新兴词族不同,"X主"词族早在古汉语中就已发展得相对完备。随着封建君主制的消亡,与之相关的"X主"词族成员"盟主"、"人主"、"圣主"等也随之走进了历史。但值得注意的是,"X主"词族非但没有随之削弱乃至消亡,反而获得了重生和扩张。一方面,其部分旧有成员仍保留其固有形式,但被赋予全新的含义,如"坛主"、"金主"、"帮主"等,另一方面,新的成员被不断创造加入,如"卡主"、"博主"、"萌主"、"up主"等。"X主"词族在新词新语不断产生的今天再次异军突起,"X主"结构也渐趋演变成一个新的构词框架。从古代的"君主"到当代的"萌主","X主"词族衍化扩张的深层认知机制是概念整合,而动因则是词汇空缺、语言的经济性原则以及语言模因的共同作用。

Different from the new coinages of X＋KE（cool person） and X＋NU（slave）, X＋Zhu（literally leader） words were fully developed early in ancient Chinese. With the demise of the feudal monarchy, the members of X＋Zhu words such as Mengzhu, Renzhu and Shengzhu disappeared. However, X＋Zhu form are reborn and expanded in two aspects; some extant forms acquire new meanings, such as Tanzhu, Jinzhu and Bangzhu, while new coinages are created such as Kazhu, Bozhu, Mengzhu and up-zhu. The deep cognitive mechanism of X＋Zhu words’ evolution and expansion is the integration of concepts, and the motivation is the combined result of vocabulary vacancy, the principle of economy and language memes.