公民与国家——从《格言集》的三次修改看圭恰迪尼政治思想的演变

Citizen and State:the Evolution of Guicciardini's Political Thought in Three Revisions of the Ricordi

本文根据《格言集》的三次修订分析圭恰迪尼政治思想的演变,在圭恰迪尼与平民政治、圭恰迪尼与共和国秩序、圭恰迪尼与公民国家三个问题上,提出自己的不同看法。圭恰迪尼的政治思想是与日俱进的。早期的圭恰迪尼确实是一个平民共和主义者;其后,他开始视"自由"与"秩序"为共和政治这一范畴的两个侧面,两者相辅相成,缺一不可。后期的圭恰迪尼在思想上又经历了一次飞跃,他不再关注政体,着重探讨国家,并在公民义务与国家职责之间建立了直接联系。圭恰迪尼认为:公民有义务维护社会秩序和国家安全,而国家的良好形象,也必须借着公平、公正和公共利益,才能够获得稳定和发展。公民与国家之间的和谐正是近代政治的一个显著标志。

By analyzing the evolution of Guicciardini＇s political thought in three revisions of Ricordi, the paper put up new opinions on these aspects： Guicciardini and the popular republic, Guicciardini and the republican order, Guicciardini and the citizen state. Guicciardini＇s political thought evolved gradually： he indeed defended popular republicanism in his early days; then he began to set freedom and order as two indispensible sides of republican politics, which were supplementary to each other; then Guicciardini＇s thought accomplished a great leap, turning attention from government forms to the direct relationship of citizen＇s duty and state＇s function. According to Guicciardini, it＇s the duty of citizen to maintain social order and national security; while the state＇s good image must be based on the maintenance of fairness, justice and common interest. This harmony between citizen and state was the remarkable character of modern politics.