吉林省大豆主产区钾肥施用效果研究

Application Effect of Potassium Fertilizer in Soybean Main Producing Areas of Jilin Province

通过对吉林省不同区域2005—2010年大豆不同施钾水平田间试验数据进行分析,研究了不同施钾水平对大豆产量及钾肥利用率的影响,明确了吉林省不同区域间产量及增产的差异。结果表明:吉林省大豆对钾反应敏感,全省不施钾处理大豆产量为2.4 t/hm2,采用最佳施钾量可平均增产0.5 t/hm2,优化(适量)施钾可以明显提高吉林省大豆生产力潜力,减量施钾会降低增产效果,过量施钾大豆产量没有明显提高。不同区域钾肥增产效果存在差异,在东部地区最佳施钾量可明显增产且钾肥农学效率最高达到12.5 kg/kg,但产量变化幅度较大;中部地区大豆产量最高平均为3.1 t/hm2,变化幅度最小,但增产率也最小。因此东部地区适当增施钾肥,中部地区适当减施钾肥,依据区域增效差异进一步微调钾肥的施用量,是保证大豆产量并提高钾肥利用率的有效途径。

Multipoint field experiments of soybean cultivars with different potassium levels were conducted from 2005 to 2010 in Jilin province. The objectives of the experiments were to determine the effects of potassium fertilizer on soybean yield and the differences of yield and yield increase in different areas. The results showed that soybean yield in Jilin province was sensitive to potassium fertilizer,soybean yield without potassium fertilizer was 2. 4 t / hm2,yield increase with optimal potassium treatment（ OPT） was averagely 0. 5 t / hm2,and optimized treatment could remarkably increase yield growth potential. However,50% OPT treatment could decrease yield increasing effect; 150% OPT treatment had no yield changes obviously. There were notable differences in yield increasing effect in different areas. OPT treatment in the eastern region could increase yield significantly,and agronomic efficiency of potassium（ AUE） reached 12. 5 kg / kg with huge amplitude of yield variation; yield in the middle region was higher,averaging 3. 1 t / hm2,and yield increasing rate was smaller,as well as amplitude of yield variation. Therefore,to guarantee yield and increase AUE of potassium fertilizer,the following effective measures should be taken： potassium fertilizer application is appropriately increased in the eastern region,appropriately decreased in the middle region,and slight adjustment is needed according to regional differences in yield increasing effect.