循证运动医学的定义、基础、实践与发展

Evidence-based sports medicine: definition, background, development and practice

背景:随着传统运动医学的发展,运动医学研究与实践越来越多的采用"循证医学"的思想和方法。循证运动医学是循证医学与运动医学相结合的一门学科,也是一种新的运动医学实践模式。目的:分析并总结循证运动医学的定义、基础、发展与实践。方法:以电子检索方式检索The Cochrane Library(2015年第12期)、EMbase、Pub Med、SPORTDiscus、CNKI、Wan Fang Data和VIP数据库的研究文献,检索时间为从建库至2015年8月,英文检索词为:sports medicine和evidence-based;中文检索词为:运动医学和循证,排除重复性研究。结果与结论:共纳入156篇文献,检索结果表明,循证运动人体科学、循证运动预防医学、循证运动创伤学和循证运动康复学发表文章数量均衡,说明这4个领域的学术研究进展的相对良好,而循证运动营养学和循证体育保健学,发表文章数量相对较少,说明这两个领域的学术研究进展相对缓慢。科学的循证运动医学实践与循证体育决策,不但能够系统指导运动员科学训练、有效防治运动员伤病以及高效提高运动员成绩,而且也能够系统指导大众科学健身、增强人民体质,增进人民健康。

BACKGROUND： Along with the development of traditional sports medicine, ＂evidence-based medicine＂ is increasingly introduced into the research and practice of sports medicine. Evidence-based sports medicine is an integrative discipline of evidence-based medicine and sports medicine, which is a new practice pattern of sports medicine. OBJECTIVE： To analyze and conclude the definition, background, development and practice of evidence-based sports medicine. METHODS： The Cochrane Library（No. 12, 2015）, EMBASE, Pub Med, SPORTDiscus, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were retrieved by computer, and the retrieval time was from inception to August 2015. The key words were ＂sports medicine, evidence-based＂ in Chinese and English. Repetitive studies were eliminated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Totally 156 literatures were included. The number of papers concerning evidence-based human movement science, evidence-based prevention of sports medicine, evidence-basedsports traumatology and evidence-based sports rehabilitation was relatively balanced, indicating the research progress in the above-mentioned fields is relatively good. However, the number of papers concerning evidence-based sports nutriology and evidence-based health care in physical education was lower, indicating the relevant academic progress is relatively slow. Scientific evidence-based medical practice and evidence-based sports movement decisions can be used to systematically guide the athlete’s scientific training, effectively prevent athlete’s injuries and improve athlete’s performance, and moreover, they can also be used to guide public fitness and build up people’s health.