3个月有氧训练改善老年高血压患者血流动力学、运动能力和认知功能研究

Improvement of Aerobic Exercise of 3 Months on Hemodynamics,Exercise Capacity and Cognitive Function in Old Essential Hypertension Patients

目的：探讨长期有氧训练对老年男性原发性高血压患者血流动力学、运动能力和认知功能的影响,以期为此类人群制定有针对性的运动处方提供理论支持。方法：92名老年男性原发性高血压患者（年龄：60~70岁）按照随机原则分为安静对照组（n=46）和有氧训练组（n=46）,安静对照组保持原有生活习惯,有氧训练组进行3个月有氧训练干预。分别于实验前后测定两组受试者的安静心率和血压;利用递增负荷运动实验测定最大摄氧量（V·O2max）、力竭时间和力竭距离并描计运动过程中的心率曲线、血压曲线和主观疲劳感觉（RPE）曲线;利用软件测试受试者基本认知能力（包括知觉速度、心算效率、空间表象、工作记忆、记忆再认和总成绩共6个得分）。结果：安静对照组各指标均无显著性变化（P〉0.05）。有氧训练组进行运动后安静心率、收缩压和舒张压下降（P〈0.05）;递增负荷运动试验中,V·O2max、力竭时间和力竭距离升高（P〈0.05）,心率曲线、血压曲线和RPE曲线右移（P〈0.05）;认知能力测验中,知觉速度、工作记忆和总成绩显著提高（P〈0.05）。结论：长期有氧训练能够改善老年男性高血压患者血流动力学异常,提高运动能力和认知功能中的短暂信息处理能力。

Objective： To evaluate the effects of 3 months aerobic exercise on hemodynamics,exercise capacity and cognitive function in old male essential hypertension patients and provide evidence for special exercise prescription. Methods： Ninetytwo old male essential hypertension patients（ 60 ~ 70 years） were randomly divided into aerobic exercise group（ n = 46）and sedentary control group（ n = 46）,in which the former conducted aerobic exercise of 3 months and the latter maintained routine lifestyle. Rest heart rate and blood pressure by routine methods,maximal oxygen uptake（ V·O2max）,exhaust time,exhaust distance,curve of heart rate,blood pressure and rating of perceived exertion by graded exercise test and elementary cognitive function（ including perception speed,mental arithmetic,spatial image,working memory,memory recall and total score） by software testing were measured before and after the experiment. Results： There was no change of all indicators in sedentary control group（ P〈0.05）. While in aerobic exercise group,compared with pre-test,rest heart rate,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure reduced（ P〈0.05）; during graded exercise test,V·O2max,exhaust time and exhaust distance raised（ P〈0.05） and curve of heart rate,blood pressure and rating of perceived exertion shifted right（ P〈0.05）; in cognitive function test,perception speed,working memory and total score increased（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Long-term aerobic exercise improved hemodynamics abnormality and enhanced transient information processing power of exercise capacity and cognitive function in old male essential hypertension patients.