日本社会福利民营化的得与失——以养老领域为例

The Gains and Losses of Social Welfare Privatization in Japan—The Pensions Field as an Example

文章从日本近代社会福利制度的成立过程、20世纪80年代开始的社会福利改革以及社会福利改革的核心概念"民营化"所带来的社会效应和福利领域的影响等方面对日本社会福利的现状进行了评述,并对其得与失进行了探讨。文章认为,日本社会福利改革在福利的普惠性和提升效率、减轻负担的选择过程中获得了一定的成效,但也造成了社会福利领域内的不利影响,并以此为例,提出我国社会福利事业在引进社会力量的过程中,制定社会力量行为规范的必要性和紧迫性。

In this paper, we will discuss and comment the situation of current social welfare institutions from three aspects： the process of establishing modern social welfare system in Japan, the social welfare institutions reformation from the 1980 s, the social effect and the influence in welfare field which brought by social welfare institutions reformation with a core concept on ＂privatization＂, and will discuss its gains and losses. This paper argues that Japan＇s social welfare institutions reformation gained some results, such as inclusiveness of welfare, the selection process of efficiency improvement and burden reducing, meanwhile there are apparently some adverse impacts in social welfare field. From the above, in this example, we will propose the necessity and the urgency of developing behavioral norms for social forces, during the introducing process of social forces in China＇s social welfare services.