蔬菜大棚作业人员肌肉骨骼疾患及其影响因素

Musculoskeletal disorders and its influencing factors among greenhouse vegetable farmers

目的了解肌肉骨骼疾患(MSDs)在蔬菜大棚作业人员中的分布特征和影响因素。方法于2014年在山东省寿光市5个主要蔬菜种植区抽取15个村1 780名蔬菜大棚作业者,运用改良调查问卷进行调查。分别采用χ2检验和多因素logistic回归分析比较不同属性大棚作业者MSDs发生情况和影响因素。结果 MSDs患病率为78.4﹪(1 395/1 780),身体各部位MSDs患病率居前5位的分别为下背、膝、颈、肩和上背,患病率分别为62.4%、41.9%、22.9%、20.3%和8.4%。χ2检验发现有36个因素与MSDs的发生有关。多因素logistic回归分析发现女性、年龄≥50岁、从事大棚种植工作的年数≥20 a、每天工作≥10 h、5 kg<工作中经常推拉用力<20 kg、经常以不舒服的体位搬举重物、经常稍微弯腰、长时间保持颈部后仰姿势8个因素为大棚作业人员MSDs危险因素;工作中经常使用振动工具为大棚作业人员MSDs保护因素。结论蔬菜大棚作业人员MSDs患病率较高,日常工作中要注意休息缓解。

[Objective]To study the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of musculoskeletal disorders （MSDs） among greenhouse vegetable farmers, and explore the influencing factors of MSDs. [nethods]A modified questionnaire survey was conducted on 1 780 greenhouse vegetable farmers from 15 villages of 5 main vegetable growing areas in Shouguang City of Shandong Province in 2014. Chi-square teat and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the incidence and influencing factors of MSDs between different greenhouse vegetable farmers.[Results]The prevalence rate of MSDs was 78.4% （1 395/1 780）. The first 5 positions of MSDs were low back, knee（s）, neck, shoulder（s）, upper back, with the prevalence of 62.4%, 41.9%, 22.9%, 20.3%, 8.4%, respectively. Thirty six variables were found significantly associated with MSDs through χ^2 test, and the female gender, ≥50 years in age, service length≥20 years, daily service length≥10 hours, regularly pushing or pulling objects that were more than 5 and less than 20 kilograms, regularly elevating heavy objects in uncomfortable positions in work, regularly slightly bending in work, regularly keeping neck layback for a relative long time in work were risk factors and regular use of vibrating tools in work was protective factors for MSDs in greenhouse vegetable farmers through multivariate regression analysis. [Conclusion]The prevalence of MSDs is high in greenhouse vegetable farmers, rest is needed in daily work.