济南市48例尘肺病患者死亡原因分析

Analysis on death causes of 48 pneumoconiosis cases in Jinan City

目的探讨济南市2002—2013年尘肺病患者主要死亡原因及分布情况,为尘肺病的防治提供科学依据。方法通过回顾流行病学分析方法,对2002—2013年济南市48例尘肺病死亡病例进行死亡情况分析。结果死亡原因构成居前3位的是气管、支气管和肺的恶性肿瘤(22.92%)、尘肺病和肺心病(各18.75%)以及肺感染(14.58%)。平均死亡年龄为69.71(67.11±12.34)岁,平均接尘工龄为27.5 a。死亡的高峰出现在第4和第1季度(基本为冬春两季)。工种分布以掘进工为主(13例,占27.08%)。尘肺类别以矽肺和铸工尘肺为主(40例,共占83.33%)。结论呼吸系统并发症是导致尘肺患者死亡的主要原因,定期筛查能做到早期发现部分呼吸系统肿瘤。同时应积极预防和治疗肺心病、肺感染等各种并发症,尤其是冬春季节的呼吸道感染,65岁以上的高龄矽肺和铸工尘肺患者应作为重点预防和治疗对象。

[Objective]To discuss death causes and distribution of pneumoconiosis in Jinan City from 2002-2013, and provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis disease. [Methods]The retrospective epidemiological method was used to analyze the death causes of 48 pneumoconiosis cases from 2002-2013 in Jinan City.[Results]The first 3 death causes were trachea, bronchus and lung malignant tumor （accounted for 22.9% ）, pneumoconiosis and pulmonary heart disease （accounted for 18.75% each）, pulmonary infection （accounted for 14.58% ） in turn. The average death age was 69.71 （67.11 ±12.34） years old, the average service length was 27.5 years. The peak of mortality appeared in quarter 4th and quarter 1st （corresponding to winter and spring）. The main type of work causing pneumoconiosis was digging （13 cases, accounted for 27.08% ）. Silicosis and foundry workers＇pneumoconiosis cases were the main type of pneumoconiosis （40 cases,accounted for 83.33% ）. [Conclusion]The major death cause of pneumoconiosis was the respiratory complication. Regular screening tests can catch some respiratory tumor early. The active prevention and treatment of cor pulmonale, lung infection and other complications are of great significance, especially for respiratory infection in winter and spring season. More attention should be paid to the patients with silicosis and caster pneumoconiosis older than 65 years.